Summary about Disease
Molluscum contagiosum is a common, usually mild, viral skin infection that causes small, raised, pearly or flesh-colored bumps on the skin. It is most common in children, but can affect people of all ages. The infection is generally self-limiting, meaning it will resolve on its own, but this can take months or even years.
Symptoms
Small, raised, round bumps (papules) on the skin.
Typically flesh-colored, white, or pink.
Often have a small dimple or pit in the center.
Can range in size from 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter.
May appear singly or in clusters.
Commonly found on the face, neck, armpits, arms, hands, and groin area. In adults, it can be spread through sexual contact, so may appear on the genitals, inner thighs, and lower abdomen.
Usually painless, but may become itchy, inflamed, or sore.
Causes
Molluscum contagiosum is caused by the Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), a poxvirus. It spreads through:
Direct skin-to-skin contact: Touching the bumps on someone who has the infection.
Contact with contaminated objects: Touching items that have been used by someone with the infection, such as towels, clothing, toys, or sports equipment.
Sexual contact: In adults, it can be sexually transmitted.
Autoinoculation: Spreading the virus to other parts of your body by scratching or touching the bumps and then touching other areas.
Medicine Used
Many cases resolve without treatment. When treatment is desired or necessary (due to spread or discomfort), options include:
Topical creams:
Tretinoin (Retin-A): A retinoid that helps to peel the skin.
Imiquimod (Aldara): An immune response modifier.
Cantharidin: A blistering agent applied by a healthcare professional.
Podophyllotoxin cream or solution: This is generally reserved for genital lesions only, as it can be irritating to other areas.
Cryotherapy: Freezing the bumps off with liquid nitrogen.
Curettage: Scraping the bumps off with a small instrument.
Laser therapy: Using a laser to destroy the bumps.
Other: In some cases, oral medications may be used.
Salicylic acid: Topical peeling agent that aids in removal of lesions. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment.
Is Communicable
Yes, molluscum contagiosum is highly communicable. It spreads easily through direct skin-to-skin contact, contact with contaminated objects (fomites), and autoinoculation.
Precautions
Avoid touching or scratching the bumps. This can spread the virus to other parts of your body or to other people.
Cover the bumps with a bandage. This helps to prevent the virus from spreading.
Do not share personal items such as towels, clothing, razors, or sports equipment.
Avoid sexual contact if you have molluscum contagiosum on your genitals, inner thighs or lower abdomen.
Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
Avoid shaving or waxing affected areas.
Clean shared surfaces at gyms or pools.
Inform sexual partners if you have lesions in the genital area.
How long does an outbreak last?
7. How Long Does An Outbreak Last? The duration of a molluscum contagiosum outbreak varies. Individual bumps typically last for a few weeks to a few months. However, new bumps can continue to appear over time. The entire outbreak can last from 6 months to 5 years, with an average duration of 12-18 months. In individuals with weakened immune systems, the outbreak may be more severe and last longer.
How is it diagnosed?
Molluscum contagiosum is usually diagnosed by a physical examination. The characteristic appearance of the bumps is often enough for a diagnosis. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis, especially if the appearance is atypical.
Timeline of Symptoms
Incubation period: 2-7 weeks after exposure.
Initial presentation: Small, painless bumps appear.
Progression: Bumps may grow slightly larger (2-5 mm), develop a central dimple, and may become itchy or inflamed. New bumps may continue to appear.
Resolution: Over time (months to years), the bumps will resolve on their own as the immune system clears the virus. Inflammation may occur before resolution.
Important Considerations
Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems (e.g., those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressant therapy) may experience more severe and persistent outbreaks.
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): People with eczema are more prone to molluscum contagiosum and may experience more widespread lesions.
Secondary Infection: Scratching the bumps can lead to secondary bacterial infections.
Scarring: Picking or squeezing the bumps can lead to scarring.
Cosmetic Concerns: The bumps can be cosmetically unappealing, leading some individuals to seek treatment.
Psychological Impact: The prolonged nature of the infection and its visibility can sometimes cause anxiety or embarrassment.
Treatment Side Effects: Be aware of potential side effects of any treatment options and discuss them with your healthcare provider.